![]() ![]() A higher prevalence of this disease is found in rural areas of Southeast Asia including India, Thailand, Korea, Australia, Russia, The Pacific Islands, and Japan. Scrub typhus is endemic in Southeast Asia and according to recent study annually 1 million cases found alone in this region (Saraswati et al. chuto, in the middle east (Weitzel 2016). This ailment is commonly endemic to the ‘tsutsugamushi triangle’, but few studies recite its presence beyond the triangle including orientia-like species of bacteria in southern Chile and a lately recognized species O. Leptotrombidium deliense is a species of chigger mite and the principal vector of scrub typhus disease. and dead-end host of Orientia tsutsugamushi and it is transmitted to the community through bites of Leptotrombidium deliense (Shivalli 2016). Humans are the fortuitous host of Leptotrombidium spp. Scrub typhus is a zoonotic infection that ensues in an acute febrile illness inherent to the ‘tsutsugamushi triangle’ and caused by intracytosolic, gram-negative bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi (Paris et al. A comparison between available methods of diagnosis with challenges in the detection of scrub typhus is also summarized. The present review focused on various detection methods along with their advantages and disadvantages used in the diagnosis of scrub typhus. ![]() On another deed, PCR based methods becoming acceptable over era due to its dexterity of early-stage diagnosis with higher specificity and sensitivity but lack its applicability in circumstances of scrub typhus due to the variegated genetic makeup of Orientia tsutsugamushi among its serotypes. Other immuno-based methods like IFA and ELISA are most outrank for detection of scrub typhus due to their higher sensitivity and specificity, but not vigorous to lay bare the infection at early stages and need the convalescent sampling for verification of positive samples. Weil–Felix test was initially used for the diagnosis of scrub typhus in underdeveloped countries but not preferred due to a lack of both specificity and sensitivity. Several methods are effectual for diagnosis of scrub typhus that includes enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), immunochromatographic test (ICT), Weil–Felix, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Diagnosis of scrub typhus is challenging as its symptoms mimic with other acute febrile illnesses. Scrub typhus is transmitted through bites of contaminated chiggers (larval stage). It is a re-emerging infectious disease of the tsutsugamushi triangle. Scrub typhus is a mite-borne, acute febrile illness caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. ![]()
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